In dry, sunny places in tho Amyl taiga, and in dry, sandy woods of larch and pine at 

 Ust Sisti-kem. In flower and partly done flowering in July and August. 



Dislril)ution: Europe, Caucasia and south-westem Asia to the Himalayas, through- 

 out Siberia, northwards to about 63° north lat., and eastwards to Kamtchatka and the 

 Amoor Province. In North America the nearly allied species V. adiinca Sm. and V. odon- 

 tophora Rydb. 



Viola canina L. Spec. PI. ed. II (1763) p. 1324; Ledeb. Fl. Alt. I, p. 260; Turczan.' Cat. 

 Baical. no. 200; Ledeb. Fl. Ross. I, p. 252, excl. var. neglecla; Turczan. Fl. Baical.-Dahur. 

 (1842) p. 304, no. 190; Regel, PI. Radd. (1861) p. 489, no. 261, excl. var. sijlvestris: KpH.:. <I>.i. 

 A.1T. I (I'.tOl) p. 1'25 (var. « ct 0); BenKepi, fl'ia.iKOBuu b1) <I>e,5,'ienK0, 'IM. Asiax. Pocciii 8 

 (19t5) p 45; Becker, Violae Asiat. et Austral. (I9l7) p. 3S4. V. Riippii Ledeb. 1. c. p. 491. 



Between Minusinsk and Karatus, and near Kushabar, on di-y hills overgrown with 

 open copse wood. Flowering and in part done flowering in the first half of July. 



Distribution: Europe, except the southern parts, Caucasia, Siberia, except the ai'ctic 

 regions, northwards to about 60'' north lat, eastwards to Kamtchatka, eastern Asia, Sak- 

 halin, Japan, North America, Greenland. 



Viola pumila Chaix in Vill. Hist. Dauph. I (1786) p. 339, II (1787) p. 666; BenKcp-h. 

 $i:i.Ti,iii!i,iJi Bi, $e,T,>ieHi;o, O.i. Aaiar. Pdcciii 8 (1915) p. 63; Becker, Violae Asiat. et Austral. 

 (1917) p. 389. V'. moniana Ledeb. Fl. Alt. I, p. 261; Turczan. Cat. Baical. no. 202; Karel. 

 et Kiril. Enum. PI. Fl. Alt. no. 128. V. persicifolia Turczan. Fl. Baical.-Dahur. (1842) p. 

 305, no. 191. V. pmtensis Fries, Ledeb. Fl. Ross. I, p. 251; h>i,i.i. <I).i. A.it. I (1901) p. 124. 

 V. montana var. pmtensis Regel, PI. Radd. (1861) p. 497, no. 262. 



The Asiatic specimens are distinguished by a comparatively long spur, and by Iheir 

 broader and shorter leaves, frequently truncate at the l)ase. In the material collected the 

 leaves are 2K times as long as broad. Of rather common occurrence on islets in the 

 Yenisei, near Ust Abakansk, especially in sonicA\ hat humid, grass-grown places, and in 

 moist, open copse wood at Kushabar, near the river. The species begins flowering already 

 at the end of May and the beginning of June. 



Distribution: Middle Europe, northwards to Sweden, and southwards to Serbia and 

 Bulgaria, Turkestan, Siberia, eastwards to aijout Lake Baikal. 



Viola epipsila Ledeb. Ind. Sem. Hort. Dorpat. (1820) p. 5; Turczan. Cat. Baical. no. 

 195; Ledeb. Fl. Ross. I, p. 247, excl. syn; Turczan. Fl. Baical.-Dahur. (1842) p. 302, no. 186; 

 Regel, PL Radd. (1861) p. 478, no. 257; Kpu.i. O.i. Ajt. I (1901) p. 122; Bei;i;ppi>, (I)ia.ii<OBi.i!i 

 BT, (I>e,T,'ieni;(i, fI>.T. Asiar. PoccinS (1915) p. 57; Becker, Violae Asiat. et Austral. (1917) p. 405: 



sabspec. repens (Turczan.) Becker, 1. c. (1915) p. 58. V. repens Turczan. in Bull. 

 Soc. Nat. Moscou (1838) p. 88. 



In moist and boggy places, rather frequent in the subalpine wood regions- about the 

 Upper Amyl and about the Upper Sisti-kem. Flowering and past flowering in July. 



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