on llie Upper IJci-koin, in the sul)alpine (lacls between the rivers Kamsara and llie Tara- 

 kem, wliere I have observed it in abundance at the end of August. 



Dislrilnition: The Pyrenees, Alps, and Caipathian mountains, western Asia, Turke- 

 stan, Pamir, lilxl. Ilic Himalayas, southern Siberia, eastwards as far as the Anioor Pro- 

 vince, norliu'iii Mongolia, China, Manchooria, Corea, Sakhalin. .Japan, North America. 



Gnaphaliuni silvalicum L. Spec. PI. ed. II (17fi."^) p. 12(X); Ledeb. Fl. Alt. IV, p. 57: 

 Ledel). Fl. Ross. II, p. (iO'J; Turczan. Fl. Baical.-Dahur. (1847) p. ^^. no. (i.31; Herder, PI. 

 Radd. (1867) p. 408, no. 134; Kphi.i. cp.^. A.it. Ill (1904) p. 001. (i. nrliiin Turczan. Cat. 

 Baical. no. G39. 



TIic material l)r()Uglil home shows thai llir species varies considerably, especially in 

 the density of the s])ike, the shajie of the leaves and the density of the pubescence. There 

 occur both /'. brachiistachiium Lkdf.h. 1. c. and /. macroslacht/iini Li:ni:i5. 1. c, with 

 various intermediates. Near Kushabar I have collected some s])ecimens with the involu- 

 cral bracts of a light straw-colour, whereby much recalling /'. slniincDliriiiiu Rixk v. Man- 

 NAGETTA, Fl. Nied. Oester. II (1893) p. 1178. Pretty common in Ihe subalpine regions 

 about the Upper Amyl, at Ust Algiac, Ust Sisti-kem, and UsI Taia-kcm. In Ilic .\itaian 

 I have found it right up to about 1800 m. above sea-level. 



Distribution: Europe, Caucasia, south-western A.sia lo Turkestan, Siberia, norlli- 

 wards to about 68^^ north lat., eastwards roughly to Lake Baikal, northern Mongolia, 

 North America. 



Gnaphaliuni uliginosuin L. Spec. PI. ed. II (1763) p. 1200: Turczan. Cat. Baical. no. 

 640: Karel. el Kiril. Enum. PI. Fl. Alt. no. 475; Ledeb. Fl. Alt. IV, p. 57; Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 

 II. p. 609; Turczan. Fl. Baical.-Dahur. (1847) p. 4, no. 630; Herder, PI. Radd. (1867) p. 

 406, no. 133; KpM.i. ^.j. A.it. Ill (1904) p. 602. 



In moist, loamy places near Kushabar, on the river Amyl, and in the Urjankai 

 countiy, about Ust Algiac and at Ust Sisti-kem. 



Distribution: Europe, except the most northern parts, Caucasia, western Asia, Sibe- 

 ria, northwai'ds to past 70 north lat., eastwards to the Sea of Okhotsk and tlie Amoor 

 Province, Manchooria, Corea, Sakhalin, Japan, North Amei-ica, probably introduced from 

 Europe. 



Helichrysum arenariuni (L.) DC. Fl. Franc. TV, p. 132; Ledeb. Fl. Ross. II, p. 607; 

 Kpi.i.i. <I>.T. Ajt. HI (1904) p. 603. Gnaplwlinm arenarium L. Spec. PI. ed. II (1763) p. 

 1195; Ledeb. Fl. Alt. IV, p. 55; Karel. et Kirtl. Enum. PI. Fl. Alt. no. 473. 



On the Abakan Steppe, in dry, sandy places towards Askys; witli young flowers in 

 the middle of .June. 



Distribution: Europe, northwards to southern Sweden, southwards to France, Switzer- 

 land, Serbia, Bulgaria, Caucasia, south-western Asia to Persia. Trans Caspia and Tur- 

 kestan, southern Siberia, eastw^ards roughly to the river Yenisei. 



417 



