As in the steppe plants at large, its flowering season seemed to begin compara- 

 tively earl)', at any rate considerably earlier than in the typical form, having been col- 

 lected by me in full flower and with ripe fruits in the middle of June. 



Distribution: The species is distributed over Europe, except the most southern paris, 

 Caucasia, Siberia, in the Yenisei valley northwards to 63° 25' north lat., northern Mon- 

 golia, Manchooria, Coi'ea, northern China, Japan, Noilh America (adventive from 

 Europe). 



Cirsium lanceolatum (L.) Scop. Fl. Carniol. II, p. 130; Ledeb. Fl. AIL IV, p. 4; Karel. 

 et Kiril. Enum. PL Fl. Alt. no. 518: Ledeb. Fl. Ross. II, p. 727: KpM.i. $.i. A.it. Ill (1904) 

 p. 690. 



On dry mountain-side, near Kushabar, flowering in the middle of July. 



Distribution: Europe, except Ihe extreme north, Caucasia and adjacent parts of 

 south-western Asia to Turkestan, Siberia, eastwards to about the Yenisei. 



Cirsium pahistre (L.) Scop. Fl. Carniol. II, p. 128; Ledeb. Fl. Alt. IV, p. 6; Ledeb. Fl. 

 Ross. II, p. 733: Kpti.T. $.1. A.it. 111(1904) p. 691. 



In moist places on islets in the river Abakan, about Kushabar. near Ust Algiac, and 

 at Ust Sisti-kem. Flowering in July and August. 



Distribution: Europe, Caucasia, Sibei'ia, eastwards to about Lake Baikal. 



Cirsium serratuloides DC. Prodrom. IV, p. 652; Ledeb. Fl. Alt. IV, p. 7; Turczan. 

 Cat. Baical. no. 669; Karek et Kiril. Enum. PI. Fl. Alt. no. 522; Ledeb. Fl. Ross. II, p. 

 742; Turczan. Fl. Baical.-Dahur. (1847) p. 55, no. 677; Herder, PI. Radd. (1870) p. 89. 

 no. 202; Kpw.i. O.t. A.it. Ill (1904) p. 693. 



In thickets at Ust Kamsara; in full flower in the middle of August. 



Distribution: Siberia, from about Omsk to Trans Baikal, northwards, in the Yeni- 

 sei valley, to 60° north lat, northern Mongolia. 



Cirsium heterophyllum (L.) All. Fl. Pedcm. I, p. 152; Ledeb. Fl. Alt. IV, p. 7; Karel. 

 et Kiril. Enum. PI. Fl. Alt. no. 523; Ledeb. Fl. Ross. II, p. 739; Turczan. Fl. Baical.- 

 Dahur. (1847) p. 56, no. 679; Herder, PI. Radd. (1870) p. 87; Kjim.!. <5.i. A.it. Ill (1904) 

 p. 694. C. bclenioides Turczan. Cat. Baical. no. 670. 



In open, frequently slightly humid thickets, and on the banks of the Sisti-kem, 

 near Ust Algiac. In full flower in the second half of .\ugust. The specimens are distin- 

 guished by ha%dng the stems rather high, with many, comparatively small heads, and also 

 by having the leaves entire or only slightly indented. They therefore seemed to have to 

 be referred to /. indivisum DC. Fl. Fr. no. 3086. I have also found the species to be 

 ratlier frequent about Kushaljar, at Ust Sisti-kem, Ust Kamsara, and on flood-plains at Ust 

 Tara-kem. 



Distribution: Europe, except the southern parts, Caucasia, south-western Asia to 



432 



