Russian Turkcslan, Sil)eri;t. norlliwaids to lowards 72' iiorlli lal.. easlwai'db loiiglily lo 

 Lake Baikal, northern Mongolia. 



Cirsiiiiii acaule (L.) All. II. I'cdeni. I, p. 182. 



var. sil)iiiciiiii l.idcb. I'l. Ross. II. j). 71:;; i;|,i.i.i. <Im. .\.ii. ill (1904) p. 690. C. acaule 

 Ledeb. Fl. Alt. IV, p. 11; Turczan. Cat. Baical. no. 673; Karel. et Kiril. Enum. PI. FI. All. 

 no. 521. C. esculcniiim C. \. Meyer, Fl. Prov. Wiatka in Reilr. Pflanzenk. Riiss. Reich, p. 

 V.V. Herder, PI. Radd. (1870) ]). 90. C. (imelini Turczan. Fl. Raical.-Dahur. (1817) p. .54, 

 no. 670. C. esciih'niiiin C. A. Meyer var. sibiriciim C. A. Meyer, De Circiis Ruth, in Mem. 

 Acad. Imp. Pelersb. Sc. Nat. VI. 



This .species is pri'lty liccpicnl at Ust Tara-kein, in wooded slci)pes and hncli foiests, 

 and on the steppes on the I'lu-keni, near Cha-kul. where I have collected it wilh flowers 

 and ripe fruits at the beginning of September. 



The Siberian variety of C. acaule dUins from the Furo]iean one iiy having the leaves, 

 especially on the under side, more or less densely hairy, and the margins having only 

 very slight, nearly semiorbicular, angular or toothed lobes. The heads are frequently 

 more than 1. densely congested, the bracts of the involucre nerveless, the pappus equal- 

 ling or exceeding the corolla. The Siberian variety — as is the ca.se with the European 

 one — also occurs partly with completely sessile heads or nearly so (/". excapus Lf.dkr. 

 I. c). partly with distinct peduncles to towards a couple of feet high. (/. (imelini 

 (Tauscii.) Ledeh. 1. c). The specimens I have collected on the steppes near Cha-kul, have 

 nearly completely sessile heads, or only vei-y short peduncles, 1 — I'A inch high. 



Distribution: Europe, northwards to middle Sweden and southern Norway, south- 

 wards lo middle Italy and the Balkan Peninsula, Caucasia, south-western Asia, roughly 

 to Russian Turkestan, southern Siberia, eastwards to Trans Baikal, northern Mongolia. 

 The variety sibiricum is to be found in the most eastern area of the species, westwards 

 roughly to eastern Russia and the Caucasus. 



Cirsium arvense (L.) Scopoli, Fl. Carniol. II (1772) p. 120; Karel. et Kiril. Enum. PI. 

 Fl. Alt. no. 519; Ledeb. Fl. Ross. II, p. 734: Herder, PI. Radd. (1870) p. 82; Kpw.i. <I'.i. 

 A.IT. Ill (1904) p. 696. C. setosum Ledeb. Fl. Alt. IV, p. 10. C. an/uense DC. Prodrom. 

 XL p. 644: Turczan. Fl. Baical.-Dahur. (1847) p. 53, no. 674. 



Scattered on islets in the river Abakan, on the -steppes, near habitations, about Minu- 

 sinsk and Kushabar, and at Ust Sisti-kem. 



Distribution: Europe, except the extreme south-western portions, Caucasia, south- 

 western Asia to Turkestan, Afghanistan and Baloochistan, Pamir, Tibet, the Himalaya.s, 

 noilhern India, SibeVia, northwards to 66K'° north lat., and eastwards through Manchoo- 

 ria. northern Mongolia, China, Japan. Introduced into North .Vnu-rica from Europe. 



Saiissiirca pygmaca Spreng. Syst. Veget. Ill, p. 381; Ledeb. Fl. Alt. IV, p. 14: Turczan. 

 Cat. Baical. no. 675: Karel. et Kiril. Enum. PI. Fl. Alt. no. 493; Ledeb. Fl. Ross. II, p. 



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