VI 

 METCHNIKOFF AND TOLSTOI 



THE Darwin celebration at Cambridge, in June 1909, 

 brought a wonderful assemblage of celebrated 

 biologists from all parts of the world to this country. 

 There never has been seen such a company of great 

 discoverers of all nationalities in the field of natural 

 history and the science of living things, as were present 

 in the University of Cambridge during that week. Even 

 philosophers, moralists, and jurists were present to join 

 with the one great political leader of our own country 

 who really knows and appreciates the importance of the 

 scientific study of Nature the Right Hon. Arthur J. 

 Balfour in his fervent and heartfelt tribute to the in- 

 fluence of Darwin's work and theory in all departments 

 of human knowledge, thought, and activity. One of the 

 most remarkable men present was Elie Metchnikoff. He 

 represented both Russia, the country of his birth and 

 earlier scientific work, and his adopted country, France, 

 where, as sub-director of the Institut Pasteur, his later and 

 most important researches have been carried on. Russia 

 was also represented by Salensky, late director of the 

 Museum of St. Petersburg, well known to us all as a dis- 

 coverer in the embryology (growth from the egg) of 

 marine animals, and by Timiriazeff, the botanist, re- 

 nowned for his work on the mode in which leaf-green 



