390 SCIENCE FROM AN EASY CHAIR 



Europeans. The skulls of this race, which do not 

 differ in character from those of highly developed 

 modern races, were first found at Cromagnon, and hence 

 we may call them "the Cromagnards " (Fig. 75). 

 The Neander Men are the men of the middle period 

 the last glacial period who were displaced by the 

 splendid and accomplished Cromagnards. The Neander 

 Men, of which the new French specimen (Fig. 65) 

 from the cave of the Chapelle-aux-Saints is one, were 

 a very inferior race, and so different from any living 

 race of men as to justify the recognition of them as 

 a distinct species of man, the Homo Neander thalensis. 

 Only a few other imperfect skulls and skeletons of 

 them are known (Figs. 76 and 77), and show them 

 to have been short people, with very low, flat heads 

 and retreating foreheads. It is in accordance with 

 what one would expect, that they should make no 

 works of art, and should be displaced, as climatic con- 

 ditions changed for the better, by the arrival of the fine, 

 full-brained Cromagnards or Reindeer Men. But where 

 did they, these delightful artists and happy hunters of 

 the Reindeer Epoch, come from ? We cannot say. And 

 what became of them ? We do not know. They did 

 not give rise to the Neolithic race, but were replaced, 

 turned out by that race. To them, indeed, are appro- 

 priate the words of the Roman poet Prolem sine matre 

 creatam, mater sine tirole defuncta 



