MORE ABOUT THE NEANDER MEN 407 



The Correze skull has a strongly-projecting face, 

 depending not merely on a protrusion of the dentary 

 border of the upper jaw, but on a forward thrust of the 

 entire face. This is not shown by the Gibraltar skull 

 (Fig. 77). It is not improbable that this region has 

 been flattened in the Gibraltar skull whilst it was buried 

 in the cave deposit and softened by water. The lower 

 jaw is preserved in the new French specimen, and is 

 very remarkable on account of the retreating chin and 

 the lowness and backward flexion of the articular process, 

 as well as for the large size of the surface by which it 

 articulates with the skull. All the cheek-teeth have been 

 shed (see Fig. 65), and the sockets closed owing to 

 inflammation, showing that primitive European man was 

 subject to the same trouble with his teeth from which 

 civilised men of to-day suffer. In comparing the skull 

 with the skulls of modern races, Professor Boule is not 

 inclined to insist much on the resemblance to Australian 

 and Tasmanian skulls presented by the thick and large 

 brow-ridges. A careful study of the skull is giving 

 to Professor Boule many facts of importance which 

 will be published ere long. The articular surfaces or 

 " condyles " of the skull (for instance) by which it was 

 set on the neck vertebrae are so set that the head must 

 have been habitually carried with a droop like that of 

 an animal, and not poised upright on the neck as in 

 modern races of man. 



Not less important than the skull are some of the 

 bones of the arm and leg. Indeed, they show more novel 

 characters than the skull, and definitely distinguish the 

 Neander Men so as to justify us in regarding them as 

 a distinct species, Homo Neander thalensis. The thigh- 

 bone is very short : as compared with that of a modern 

 European, it is as 14 to 18. Also it is thick and curved. 

 This was already known in the Neander Man of the Spy 



