MORE ABOUT THE NEANDER MEN 409 



been more or less mistaken for and confused with the 

 glacial Moustierian deposits which also are common in 

 England. No bones or skulls of the men of this Chellean 

 period have been found, excepting a lower jaw, which 

 was not long ago discovered in a deposit of this warmer 

 and earlier age, near Heidelberg (Fig. 82). This jaw- 

 bone is remarkably well preserved, and the great differ- 

 ence between it and that of a modern European may be 

 seen by comparing our Figures 79 and 82. In the 

 absence of chin, the great breadth of the up-turned part 

 of the jaw and the shallowness of the notch separating 

 the condyle or articulating knob from the more forwardly 

 placed " coronoid " process (a well-marked triangular 

 process in the modern European jaw), the Heidelberg 

 jaw differs from the modern European, and resembles 

 that of the chimpanzee (Fig. 81). 



Dr. Schoettensack of Heidelberg, who has described 

 this remarkable jaw-bone and has very kindly presented 

 casts of it to the Natural History Museum, to Oxford, 

 to Cambridge, and to myself, was of the opinion that 

 it indicated a distinct race or even a distinct species 

 of man. But Professor Marcelin Boule has found that 

 when the lower jaw of the skull from the Chapelle-aux- 

 Saints is " reconstructed," not only by replacing the parts 

 broken away, but by restoring the teeth and the absorbed 

 sockets of the teeth, it comes out very closely identical 

 with the Heidelberg jaw. In Fig. 80 I have reproduced 

 the profile of Professor Boule's complete restoration of 

 the " Chapelle " skull, and it will be seen that the lower 

 jaw differs very little from that of the Heidelberg 

 specimen. Indeed, Professor Boule has published a 

 photograph in which he attaches the Heidelberg lower 

 jaw to the restored Chapelle skull in place of its own, 

 and the similarity of the two becomes very obvious. 



As will be seen by the drawings which I give here, the 



