AN ENGLrSH SHIRE. 189 



lands, in the dale of Arun, in the valleys of the Adur, 

 the Ouse, and the Cuckmere Kiver, and perhaps, too, in 

 the insulated Hastings region, between the Pevensey 

 levels and the Eomney marsh. These principalities 

 would then roughly coincide with the modern rapes of 

 Chichester, Arundel, Bramber, Lewes, Pevensey, and 

 Hastings. Each would possess its own group of villages, 

 and tilled lowland, its own boundary of forest, and its 

 own camp of refuge on the hill-tops. Cissbury almost 

 undoubtedly formed such a camp for the fertile valley of 

 the Adur and the coast strip from Worthing to Brighton. 

 On its summit has been discovered an actual manufactory 

 of stone implements from the copious material supplied 

 by the flint veins in the chalk of which it is composed. 



Such a society, left to itself in Sussex, could never 

 have got much further than this. It could not discover 

 or use metals, when it had no metal in its soil except the 

 small quantity of iron to be found in the then inaccessible 

 Weald. It had no copper and no tin, and therefore it 

 could not manufacture bronze. But the geographical 

 position of England generally, within sight of the Euro- 

 pean continent, made it certain that if ever anywhere 

 else bronze should come to be used, the bronze-weaponed 

 people must ultimately cross over and subjugate the 

 stone-weaponed aborigines of the island. Moreover, 

 bronze was certain to be first hit upon in those countries 

 where tin and copper were most easily workable that 

 is to say, in Asia. From Asia, the secret of its manu- 

 facture spread to the outlying peninsula of Europe, where 

 it was quickly adopted by the Aryan Celts, who had 

 already invaded the outlying continent, armed only with 



