130 PISCATORIAL ENTOMOLOGY. 



flutters heavily, like the freshly-fledged song bird, 

 and then appears devoid of all sense of feeling ; but 

 in its last stage it is too delicate for live fly-fishing ; 

 indeed, it is then so marvellously fragile that it may 

 be said to be at the mercy of a breath of wind, the 

 slightest touch ending its existence. In some in- 

 stances this fly appears of a much brighter green, 

 the metamorphosis being of a freckled red brown. 

 This is commonly called the "mackerel," light or 

 dark. It frequents slow-running, thickly-wooded 

 streams, but is of little importance to the fisherman. 



The Flat-winged flies consist of a far greater variety 

 of species ; but, even taking them as a whole, they 

 are of but secondary importance from a piscatorial 

 point of view. We shall now, however, proceed to 

 enumerate the two leading orders of the flat-winged 

 insects which are requisite to a complete equipment. 



The first of these claiming our attention are 

 the water Flat-wings, the leading species of which 

 are the Phryganidce, consisting of the red, sand, 

 cinnamon, and bank flies, also the grannum or 

 green-tail; and the Perlidce, which family includes 

 the Stone Fly, Yellow Sally, Willow, and Needle Fly, 

 or Tail-to-Tail. These flat-winged flies arise from the 

 larva or grub which is found in small twigs, etc., 

 these having been excavated to form a retreat.* The 

 Red or Welsh fly is a four-winged natural, its wings 

 lying alongside the body, so as to completely 



*The small worm or grub found in the beds of streams, commonly 

 termed the straw or cad bait, is the larva of the stone and cinnamon 

 flies. 



