ANNOTATIONS AND ADDITIONS. 43 



having, no doubt, been carried far out to sea by land 

 winds. 



Fremont's map and geographical investigations comprehend 

 the extensive region from the junction of the Kanzas river 

 with the Missouri, to the falls of the Columbia and to the 

 missions of Santa Barbara and Pueblo de los Angeles in 

 New California; or a space of 28 degrees of longitude, 

 and from the 34th to the 45th parallel of latitude. Four 

 hundred points have been determined hypsometrically by 

 barometric observations, and, for the most part, geographi- 

 cally by astronomical observations ; so that a district which, 

 with the windings of the route, amounts to 3600 geogra- 

 phical miles, from the mouth of the Kanzas to Fort Vancouver 

 and the shores of the Pacific (almost 720 miles more than 

 the distance from Madrid to Tobolsk), has been represented 

 in profile, shewing the relative heights above the level of 

 the sea. As I was, I believe, the first person who under- 

 took to represent, in geognostic profile, the form of entire 

 countries, such as the Iberian peninsula, the highlands of 

 Mexico, and the Cordilleras of South America, (the semi- 

 perspective projections of a Siberian traveller, the Abbe 

 Chappe, were founded on mere and generally ill-judged 

 estimations of the fall of rivers), it has given me peculiar 

 pleasure to see the graphical method of representing the 

 form of the earth in a vertical direction, or the elevation of 

 the solid portions of our planet above its watery covering, 

 applied on so grand a scale as has been done in Fremont's 

 map. In the middle latitudes of 37 to 43, the Rocky 

 Mountains present, besides the higher snowy summits 



