ANNOTATIONS AKD ADDITIONS. 93 



of the Dhawalagiri leaves to the latter the first rank among 

 all the snow-capped mountains of the Himalaya," the 

 height of the Dhawalagiri must necessarily be greater than 

 that of 4390 toises, or 26340 Parisian, 28071 English feet, 

 hitherto ascribed to it. (Letter of the accomplished bota- 

 nist of Sir James Ross's Antarctic Expedition, Dr. Joseph 

 Hooker, written from Dorjiling, July 25, 1848.) The 

 turning point in the direction of the axis of the Himalaya 

 range is not far from the Dhawalagiri, in 79 E. long, from 

 Paris (81 22' Greenwich). From thence to the westward 

 the Himalaya no longer runs east and west, but from SE. 

 to NW., connecting itself, as a great cross vein, between 

 Mozuffer-abad and Gilgit south of Kafiristan, with a 

 part of the Hindu-Coosh. Such a bend or change in the 

 direction or strike of the axis of elevation of the Himalaya 

 (from E-W. to SE-NW.), doubtless points, as in the 

 western part of our European Alps, to a difference in the 

 age or epoch of elevation. The course of the Upper Indus, 

 from the sacred lakes Manasa and Ravana-hrada (at an 

 elevation of 2345 toises, 14995 English feet) in the vici- 

 nity of which the great river rises, to Iskardo and to the 

 plateau of Deo-tsuh, (at an elevation of 2032 toises, 12993 

 English feet) measured by "Vigne, follows in the Thibetian 

 highlands the same north-westerly direction as the Hima- 

 laya. Here is the summit of the Djawahir, long since well 

 measured and known to be 4027 toises (25750 English 

 feet) in elevation, and the valley of Kashmeer, where at an 

 elevation of only 836 toises, (5346 English feet), the Wulur 

 Lake freezes every winter, and, from the perpetual calm, no 

 wave ever curls its surface. 



