ANNOTATIONS AND ADDITIONS. 165 



chusets and Connecticut. (Kosmos, Bd. ii. S. 270 ; Eng- 

 lish ed. p. 234 ; Examen critique de THist. de la Geographic, 

 T. ii. p. 247-278.) 



As the winter cold of the most northern parts of Scan- 

 dinavia is softened by the influence of the Gulf Stream, 

 by which American tropical fruits (cocoa nuts, and seeds 

 of the Mimosa scandens and the Anacardium occidentale) 

 are cast upon the shore beyond the 62nd degree of latitude, 

 so does Iceland also occasionally enjoy the beneficial influence 

 of the extension of the warm waters of the Gulf Stream 

 far to the northward. The coasts of Iceland as well as 

 those of the Faroe Islands, receive a great deal of drift- 

 wood, which, coming formerly in greater abundance, was 

 cut into beams and planks and used for building timber. 

 Fruits of tropical plants, collected on the coast of Iceland, 

 between Raufarhavn and Vapnafiord, testify the movement 

 of the waters from the southward. (Sartorius von "Walters- 

 hausen, physisch-geographische Skizze von Island, 1847, 

 S. 22-35.) 



( 25 ) p. 12. "Neither Lecideas nor other Lichens." 



In northern countries, the earth, if left bare, soon becomes 

 covered with Bseomyces roseus, Cenomyce rangiferinus, 

 Lecidea muscomm, L. icmadophila, and similar Cryptoga- 

 mese, which prepare the way for the growth of grasses and 

 herbaceous plants. In the tropics, where mosses and lichens 

 only abound in shady places, some species of succulent 

 plants take their place. 



