SUMMARY OF THE CONTENTS OF VOL. I. 293 



like veins or dikes in which there are faults or displacements ; thus 

 the Ghauts, the Soliman Chain, the Paralasa, the Bolor, and the 

 Ural, succeed each other from south to north: the Bolor gave 

 occasion among the ancients to the idea of the Imaus, which 

 Agathodaemon supposed to be prolonged to the north into the low 

 basin of the lower Irtysch. Parallel chains running east and west ; 

 the Altai ; Thian-schan, with its active volcanoes at a distance of 

 1528 geographical miles from the Icy Sea at the mouth of the Obi, 

 and of 1512 geographical miles from the Indian Sea at the mouth 

 of the Ganges ; the Kuen-liin, recognised by Eratosthenes, 

 Marinus of Tyre, Ptolemy, and Cosmas Indicopleustes, as the 

 longest axis of elevation in the Old World, runs between 35| and 

 36 of latitude in the direction of the diaphragm of Dicearchus. 

 Himalaya. The Kuen-liin, considered as an axis of elevation, may 

 be traced from the wall of China near Lung-tscheu through the 

 somewhat more northerly chains of Nan-schan and Kilian-schan, 

 through the mountain knot near the Lake called the " Starry Sea," 

 through the Hindu-Coosh (the Parapanisus and Indian Caucasus of 

 the ancients), and through the chain of Demawend and the Persian 

 Elbourz, to Taurus in Lycia. Near the intersection of the Kuen- 

 liiu and the Bolor the correspondence of the direction of the axes 

 of elevation (east and west in the Kuen-liin and the Hindu-Coosh, 

 whereas that of the Himalaya is south-east and north-west) shows 

 that the Hindu-Coosh is a continuation of the Kuen-liin, and not 

 of the Himalaya. The point where the direction of the Himalaya 

 changes to south-east and north-west from having been east and 

 west, is about the 79th degree of east longitude from Paris (81 22' 

 Greenwich). Next to the Dhawalagiri, it is not, as has been hitherto 

 supposed, the Jawahir which is the highest summit of the Himalaya ; 

 that rank belonging, according to the most recent intelligence 

 received from Dr. Joseph Hooker, to a mountain situated between 

 Boutan and Nepaul in the meridian of Sikkim, the Kinchinjinga : 

 the western summit of this mountain, which has been measured 



