SUMMARY OF THE CONTENTS OF VOL- I. 297 



tion of Adulis, which is somewhat more modern than Juba. High 

 mountains which, between 6 and 4 of north latitude, and still 

 more to the south, approach the Bahr el-Abiad. A considerable 

 swelling of the ground divides the White Nile from the basin of 

 the Goschop. Line of separation between the waters which flow 

 to the Mediterranean and those which flow to the Indian Ocean 

 according to Carl Zimmermann's map. Lupata Chain according 

 to the instructive researches of Wilhelm Peters . . 149 158 



Oceanic currents. In the northern part of the Atlantic Ocean the 

 waters are impelled in a true revolving current. That the first 

 impulse which causes the Gulf Stream is to be sought at the 

 southern extremity of Africa, was already known to Sir Humphry 

 Gilbert in 1560. Influence of the Gulf Stream on the climate of 

 Scandinavia. How it contributed to the discovery of America. 

 Instances of Esquimaux who, aided by the returning eastward 

 flowing portion of the warm Gulf Stream, and by north-west winds, 

 arrived on the coasts of Europe. Such a case related by Cornelius 

 Nepos and Pomponius Mela (of Indians given by a king of the 

 Boii to Quintus Metellus Celer, Proconsul qf Gaul) ; others in the 

 time of the Othos and of Frederic Barbarossa, of Columbus and of 

 Cardinal Bembo. Again, in the years 1682 and 1684 natives of 

 Greenland appeared in the Orkneys .... 159 165 



Operation of lichens and other Cryptogamia in the cold and temperate 

 zones in preparing the way for the more rapid establishment of 

 larger phsenogamous plants. Within the tropics lichens are often 

 replaced in this respect by succulent plants. Milk-yielding animals 

 of the New Continent; the Lama, the Alpaca, the Guanaco. 



165169 



Cultivation of farinaceous grasses 169 173 



On the earliest population of America .... 173 174 



