204 ENGLISH BOTANY. 



C. coarctata, C. spbaguoides, C. longibracteata, and C. crispa. Wallm. in Kongl. Vet. 



Akad. Handl. Stockh. 1854, pp. 301, 302, 305, and 811. 

 C. subliispida, A. Braun in Colin, Krypt. Fl. Schles. Vol. I. p. 107 ; and Fragni. Monog. 



Char. p. 1G7. 



Spine-bearing primary cortical cells, less prominent than the spine- 

 less secondary cells. 



Var. /3. contraria. Coss. & Germ. 



Plate 1915. 



Braun, Babenli. & Stiz. Char. Europ. Exsicc. Nos. 37, 38, 84, 88, 89, 90, 120. 



Nordst. & Wahlst. Char. Scand. Exsicc. Nos. 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 77b. 



Cbara fcetida, var. contraria, Coss. & Germ. Fl. Envir. Par. ed. ii. p. 890 ; and Atlas, 



pi. 41, f. 8. 

 C. contraria, A. Braun ex Eiitz. Phyc. Germ. p. 258 ; Sp. Alg. p. 523 ; and Tab. Pbyc. 



Vol. VII. p. 25, t. 61. A. Braun, Schweiz. Char. p. 15; Consp. Char. Europ. p. 



6 ; in Monatsber. Akad. Wissensch. Berlin, 1867, p. 905 ; in Coin, Krypt. Fl. 



Schles. Vol. I. p. 405 ; and Fragni. Monog. Char. p. 141. Wallm. in Kongl. Vet. 



Akad. Handl. Stockh. 1854, p. 304. Walilst. Bidr. Skand. Char. p. 15 ; and Monog. 



Sver. Norg. Char. p. 31. Crepin in Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg. Vol. II. p. 126. Nordst. 



in Anderss. Bot. Notiser, 1863, p. 46. Leonhardi in Brunn Verhandl. Vol. II. p. 



201. E. & J. Groves in Journ. Bot. 1881, p. 354, t. 224, f. 2. Baling. Man. ed. 



8, p. 471. Miiller in Bull. Soc. Bot. Geneve, 1881, p. 64 (14 forms described). 



Sydow, Europ. Char. p. 57. 

 C. fcetida, var. moniliformis, A. Braun in Ann. Sciences Nat. 2nd ser. Vol. I. p. 355. 

 C. fcetida, var. hispidula, Coss. & Germ. Fl. Envir. Par. ed. i. p. 680 ; and Atlas, p. 37, 



f. 5. 



Spine-bearing primary cortical cells more prominent than the spine- 

 less secondary cortical cells.] 



In pools, ditches, streams, etc. [Yar. a.—] Yery common, and gene- 

 rally distributed, extending to Orkney. [Yar. /3.— Is recorded from 

 several counties, and if searched for, will probably be found in most.] 



England, Scotland, Ireland. Annual or perennial. Summer, Autumn. 



A very variable plant, varying in length from 3 or 4 inches to 

 nearly 2 feet, with stems usually about the thickness of a darning- 

 needle, but sometimes considerably thicker. The distance of the whorls, 

 the length and direction of the branches, the length of the bracts, the 

 number and shape of the spine-cells, are all liable to great variation. 

 One of the most distinct forms is the var. crassicaulis of Schleicher, 

 which is regarded as a distinct species by Braun. This resembles C. 

 tomentosa in miniature, having the stem and the brancblets thicker 

 than in the type. Messrs. Groves state that there are in the British 

 Museum and Kew Herbaria [Borrer Herbarium] specimens of this 



