CIV INTRODUCTION. 



they so stolid and insensible that they 

 could live without a name for that flower 

 by which in modern times, so far as written 

 experience reaches back, the veriest clowns 

 have been warmed to enthusiasm and have 

 had a generous admiration kindled in their 

 breasts ? Every one who has tasted the 

 quahty of Saxon poetry, will almost postu- 

 late that the Saxon race must have had a 

 name for the rose, long before they colonised 

 this island home. 



And we are not without relics of such a 

 word. That word hip which now signifies 

 the bright fruit of the briar once signified 

 the plant and the flower. The A. Saxon 

 is heope^ the 0. Saxon Mopa, 0. H.D. hiufa 

 and hiufo, German ^§tefe. In Cumber- 

 land the fruit is called Clioops and the 

 briar is the Choop-tree'^. And whereas 

 heop) hremel is given for Rubus, it must be 

 remembered that Rubus then stood both 

 for Rosa and Rubus, and that ' bramble ' 

 was equally neutral, and that the heop in 

 heop hremel determines it to the meaning 



^ Dickinson, Dialect of Cumberland, pp. xxi and 17. 



