114 FOWL TYPHOID 



REFERFNCES. 



1. Curtice. Goose septicemia. Bulletin No. S6, J\. I. Agr. Exp. 

 Station. 1902. 



2. M'Fadyean. a remarkable outbreak of goose septicemia. 

 Jour. Coinpar. Path, and Tlierap., Vol. XV (1902), p. 162. 



FOWL TYPHOID. 



§ 100. Characterization. A .specific disease of fowls 

 caused by Bacterium sanguinarium. It is not known whether 

 or not other species of domesticated birds are susceptible. 



§ loi. History. This disease was briefly described by 

 Moore in 1895. ^^ that time it had been studied in but a few 

 fowls and these the last to die in their respective flocks. In 

 the following year other fowls were examined very carefully 

 from two outbreaks of the disease and it is upon the data 

 obtained in their investigation together with those procured 

 from many produced cases that the description of the disease 

 is based. It was described as an infectious leukemia. Further 

 investigation, however, has shown that the excess of white 

 corpuscles was due to a leucocytosis brought about by the in- 

 fecting organism and that the disease is not a true leukemia. 



It was found by Smith in 1894, on Block Island, R. I. 

 In 1898, Dawson found it to be the cause of very serious losses 

 among poultry near Baltimore, Md. In all of the outbreaks 

 studied, the owners of the fowls first reported the disease as 

 chicken cholera. In 1902, Curtice investigated an outbreak in 

 Rhode Island. 



§ 102. Geographical distribution. It was first studied 

 in fowls taken from an outbreak in Virginia. Since then, it 

 has been identified in Maryland, the District of Columbia, and 

 the State of Rhode Island. There is good evidence in the 

 numerous reports of destructive fowl diseases to believe that it 

 is quite widespread in the United States. Thus far, there 

 seems to be no reports of its extent in other countries. 



