SYMPTOMS 359 



noon than morning, but this oscillation is minimized later in 

 the course of the disease when the temperature remains high. 

 The temperature rarely rises above 107° F. With a clinical 

 thermometer the temperature can be detected two or more 

 days before there are other symptoms. The respiration may 

 rise to between 60 and 100 and the pulse may range between 

 80 and 1 10 per minute. Late in the disease there may be 

 hemoglobinuria. Smith and Kilborne found it in 33 out of 46 

 fatal cases in which urine was found in the bladder. The 

 passing ot the colored urine before death was noted in but four 

 of their cases. In one of these which showed hemoglobinuria 

 four days before death, the urine in the bladder was clear at 

 post-mortem. As this condition seems to depend upon the ra- 

 pidity of the destruction of the red blood corpuscles, a .slow dis- 

 integration may enable other organs to dispose of the coloring 

 matter, while in rapid destruction of the blood much of it may 

 be thrown into the urine. The urine contains small quantities 

 of albumin. At first the specific gravity may be high but 

 later it ranges from loio to 1020 and fails to effervesce with 

 acids. The color varies according to the quantity of 

 hemoglobin. As a rule there is marked constipation during 

 the high fever. There is loss of appetite and usually cessation 

 of rumination with the high fever. The blood is thin and 

 pale. The high temperature, hemoglobinuria and thinness of 

 the blood are quite diagnostic symptoms of the acute type. 



The course of the disease may vary, but the continuous 

 high temperature does not usually last for more than ten days. 

 Death often intervenes in from five to eight days. In the 

 mild, nonfatal or chronic type which was first pointed out by 

 Smith and Kilbourne and which occurs in the late summer or 

 autumn, the general symptoms are similar to those of the 

 acute type except they are not so severe and are prolonged for 

 a greater length of time. The parasite is of the .spherical or 

 coccus form. The general symptoms are not manifested unless 

 the temperature goes above 103° F. Hemoglobinuria is not 

 observed in this type. Cattle which have passed through an 

 acute type owing to the heated season may have a relapse in 



