20 Diseases of the Genital Organs 



The ovary of the bitch is very small, livid in color, even 

 in outline, and, unlike those of other domestic animals, is 

 completely enveloped in the pavilion of the oviduct, except 

 for a minute oblong opening of so small size that the gland 

 can not be readily exposed to plain view through it. 



The location of the ovary in the adult varies much with 

 species. The size of the gland, when normal, has little or 

 no influence upon its position. It rests upon the superior 

 surface of the anterior border of the broad ligament of the 

 uterus, naked in most animals but closely invested in the 

 bitch by the pavilion of the oviduct. The pavilion of the 

 oviduct in the mare is attached by one of its fimbria to the 

 ovary near its hilus, and its connection with the uterus is 

 further maintained by the utero-ovarian ligament, com- 

 posed largely of connective tissue and pale muscle fibers. 

 In the cow one of the fimbriae of the pavilion is adherent 

 to the outer or lateral end of the ovary. The ovary is also 

 influenced in its position by the round ligament, which is 

 analogous to the gubernaculum testis of the male. Arising 

 like the latter from the skin and dartos at the point where 

 the fundus of the scrotum of the male normally appears in 

 the given species, it extends up through the inguinal ring 

 behind the peritoneum, to become attached to the uterine 

 cornu or oviduct, not far from the ovary. Its attachments 

 tend to cause the ovary to follow a line of descent compar- 

 able to that of the testicle, but normally it becomes arrested 

 in its migration at some point between its place of origin 

 and the internal inguinal ring. In the bitch, it remains 

 closely applied to the sub-lumbar region, immediately be- 

 hind the kidney, virtually at its point of origin. In the 

 mare, its movement is arrested early and it remains rather 

 firmly suspended not far behind the kidney and above the 

 middle of the posterior part of the abdominal cavity. The 

 ovary of the ruminant lies loosely in the pelvis, alongside 

 the cervix uteri or the base of the cornu, behind the in- 

 ternal inguinal ring, or just in front of the pubic brim. 

 somewhat below it, resting upon the abdominal floor.. The 

 ovary of the sow floats quite freely in the peritoneal cavity 



