76 Diseases of the Genital Organs 



glans cannot be reached and grasped with the hand. The 

 animal is to be confined in lateral recumbency, with the an- 

 terior limbs extended forward and the posterior limbs, back- 

 ward, thus completely exposing the ventral surface of the 

 body and giving the operator free and safe access to the 

 parts. The bull is best extended by placing him between 

 two strong posts or other solid points for attachment and 

 stretching the limbs by means of two stout ropes, one ex- 

 tending from the hind, and the other from the fore feet to 

 the corresponding posts. The penis is then to be exposed by 

 eliminating the S-curve and pushing the sheath backward. 

 The elimination of the sigmoid flexure is accomplished by 

 grasping the distal curve at the point of insertion of the re- 

 tractor muscle and, pushing firmly upward and forward, 

 fatigue the muscle until it finally yields and the glans penis 

 moves forward. The tissues about the sheath opening are 

 then to be pressed backward toward the scrotum, thus short- 

 ening the sheath ; the two movements combined serve to ex- 

 pose the glans. A piece of dry gauze wrapped about the 

 glans enables the operator to grasp it firmly, and by the ex- 

 ertion of moderate and prudent traction the retractor muscle 

 may be kept in a state of fatigue and the penis fully exposed. 

 It can then be examined leisurely and carefully. The com- 

 plete exposure of the penis also exposes fully the mucosa of 

 the prepuce and sheath which, as shown in Fig. 9, now con- 

 stitutes the covering of the body of the penis from the glans 

 backward. 



3. The Seminal Vesicles, Prostate, and Cowper's 

 Glands 



The abdominal vas deferens, the vesicula seminalis, and 

 the prostate gland may be palpated per rectum in the stal- 

 lion and the bull. The prostate may be palpated digitally 

 per anum in the dog. In the stallion and the bull the vas 

 deferens may be palpated as it emerges from the internal 

 inguinal ring and passes upward, forward, and inward to 

 reach the superior surface of the neck of the urinary blad- 

 der, where it passes backward to disappear beneath the cor- 

 responding vesicula seminalis. 



