Congenital Defects of the Female Genitalia 163 



ility and takes no note of the diminutive size and flaccidity 

 of the testes. Ethically, the buyer, having paid for a breed- 

 ing bull, is entitled to remuneration, and in my experience 

 most breeders very promptly reimburse the buyer. The 

 condition is apparently hopeless ; no form of handling sug- 

 gests itself. 



6. Aberrations in the Development of the Penis 



In rare cases aberrations in the development of the penis 

 incapacitate the male for copulation. I attended one young 

 bull in which the penis was somewhat chisel-shaped and di- 

 rected upward when protruded, instead of being acutely 

 conical and directed slightly downward. A loose, baggy 

 fold of skin about the umbilicus, caught by the penis, 

 formed a pocket in which the glans lodged and prevented 

 copulation. I removed a transverse gored piece of skin, 

 about three by five inches, and drew the wound margins 

 "together by sutures. This overcame the mechanical diffi- 

 culty. 



C. Congenital Defects of the Female Genitalia 



The occurrence of asexual individuals and the impercep- 

 tible gradations between the neuter and the female have al- 

 ready been described. Independent of these, brief reference 

 was made to the non-development or aberrant development 

 of certain portions of the genital system. 



The failure of one ovary to develop and function is ex- 

 ceedingly rare, except in conjunction with other abnormali- 

 ties. Usually the two ovaries are not equal in volume. The 

 greatest disparity in size is seen in the cow, in which the 

 left is almost always smaller than the right, frequently less 

 than one-fourth the volume, but the small ovary neverthe- 

 less functions. It has been claimed that the right ovary of 

 the cow functions far more frequently than the left. I have 

 the abattoir records on 1700 pregnant females, of which 55 

 per cent, were pregnant in the right horn and 45 per cent, 

 in the left. In heifers, especially in Channel Island breeds, 

 which regularly have very small ovaries, the left gland is 



