Stra ng u la ted He rn ia 225 



bined with such local and general treatment as would tend 

 to control inflammation. 



In the dog, in which, during copulation, the prominent 

 glans penis becomes tightly fixed in the vulva of the bitch, 

 the male may dismount and turn in the opposite direction, 

 thus bending the penis abruptly. If disturbed by other 

 dogs or in any other manner, violent dragging upon the 

 penis follows, which leads to injuries of a more or less seri- 

 ous character, chiefly to swelling and inflammation of the 

 parts, occasionally followed by paraphimosis. These in- 

 juries are not usually observed under proper breeding ar- 

 rangements, but are generally seen where bitches are per- 

 mitted to run loose and a large number of dogs congregate, 

 with the resultant fighting. 



The handling of such injuries to dogs consists of essen- 

 tially the same methods as in the bull, chiefly disinfection. 

 If paraphimosis results, it should be overcome. A local an- 

 aesthetic, with perhaps some adrenalin, may be applied to 

 the swollen glans penis, after which, with the aid of digital 

 compression or by means of an elastic bandage, the size of 

 the congested organ may be so reduced that it can be pressed 

 back into the prepuce. If not, the margin of the prepuce is 

 to be enlarged by incision sufficiently to permit the penis to 

 return. 



K. Strangulated Hernia 



Copulation is one of the commonest causes of strangu- 

 lated inguinal hernia in the stallion, and occasionally in 

 other male animals. When the stallion mounts the mare, 

 the inguinal region is subjected to increased pressure from 

 the weight of the abdominal viscera. The position of the 

 abdomen is changed from horizontal, or a declination down- 

 ward and forward from the inguinal ring towards the dia- 

 phragm, to almost the perpendicular, with the entire weight 

 of the abdominal viscera pressing downwards upon the pel- 

 vic inlet and inguinal opening. The pressure is further 

 augmented by the abdomen of the stallion becoming forcibly 

 15 



