On Drenching Horses and Oxen. 49 



obstinately and artfully retain the liquid in his mouth. 

 This is effected by rubbing the throat, and exerting pressure 

 in the space between the lower jaw bones. 



The methods of holding horses during the exhibition of a 

 draught are various, but the most important ones are three. 

 In the first place, by lopes and pulleys a horse's head is 

 pulled up from a beam or other high object in a stable or 

 shed. This is very objectionable, especially in a vicious 

 horse; and it does not answer better than the second manner 

 of introducing a rope noose over the upper jaw. This noose 

 is attached to a stick, or slipped over a stable-fork prong 

 (see Fig. 7) ; and a man can then hold up the head of the 

 heaviest horse and follow him in his movements. It requires 

 management. 



In Fig. 8 the third manner of holding a horse's head 

 up and exhibiting a drench is represented. It is the most 

 simple and useful method. It only requires one person, who 

 holds the tongue, places his thumb round the lower jaw, and 

 with his fingers causes the horse to open his mouth whilst 

 the draught is poured out of the horn with the right hand. 



In cases of lock-jaw or tetanus, it is difficult to exhibit 

 even fluid medicines to horses. There are two useful meth- 

 ods, however, to accomplish this. The first is by the intro- 

 duction of a tube into the gullet through the mouth; 

 and the second is by pouring or pumping the fluid through 

 the nose. The objections to the latter procedure are not so 

 weighty as at first sight may appear, provided the fluid is a 

 perfect solution, and poured down the inferior or posterior 

 channel of the nostril with care. 



RULES FOR GIVING DRENCHES TO THE OX. 



The horn should always be used. The manner of hold- 

 ing the horn, of securing the animal, and giving the drench, 

 is clearly represented in Fig. 9. 



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