Aiwesihetics. 61 



ants, and the horse pushed over on his side. A single limb 

 can then be loosened and held by a strap around the fetlock 

 in the hands of a reliable man, while another sits on the 

 horse's head. 



The arrangement called the " trevis " or *^ break " is a nar- 

 row pen, six feet long and three wide, with stout corner posts 

 and side rails on both sides and one end. The horse is led 

 into it at the open end, which is then closed with a bar. His 

 legs are fastened to each post by broad leather straps ; and he 

 may be suspended to the side pieces by a stout band under 

 the belly. In this position, with his head secured, he can 

 neither bite nor kick. 



AnSBStheticS. — In most painful operations, when not about 

 the mouth (where the flow of blood might strangulate an un- 

 conscious animal), it is a humane procedure to chloroform the 

 animal. Horses have generally to be cast before the inhala- 

 tion can be affected. The chloroform should be poured on a 

 sponge, a teaspoonful or two at a time, and held to the nos- 

 trils, not, however, continuously, as the vapor of chloroform 

 undiluted with atmospheric air is a fatal poison. The animal 

 should be closely watched, and as soon as unconsciousness is 

 produced the anaesthetic should be suspended, and renewed 

 from time to time until the operation is complete. 



Nausea and depression continue usually for some hours 

 afterwards. Should the pulse fail, and the respiration grow 

 shallow and irregular, buckets of cold water must be dashed 

 on the body, and artificial respiration be continued for a time 

 by blowing gently with a pair of bellows into the mouth or 

 nostrils, and alternately pressing upon and releasing the ribs, 

 thus imitating the natural acts of respiration. Pieces of ice 

 inserted into the rectum or vagina act also as powerful restor- 

 atives. 



Many practitioners use the chloroform pure, and thus em- 



