Bleeding. 63 



The quantity of blood taken depends upon the object in 

 view^ but to make any decided impression on an adult 

 animal of either species, at least six or seven quarts should 

 be drav/n. 



When the flow has ceased the two lips of the wound are 

 raised between the fingers, a small common pin run through 

 them and some thread twisted across and over it, to keep it 

 in place. 



In the sheep, bleeding from the jugular vein is also most 

 efficient. But some veterinarians ♦prefer the angular or 

 cheek vein. , This is to be found in i\\Q cheek, at a spot equi- 

 distant from the eye and the mouth, just below the bony 

 tubercle which marks the insertion of the fourth tooth into 

 the upper jaw. The incision should be made from b6low 

 upwards, half an inch below the middle of the tubercle. 

 Others again prefer the eye vein. To divide this the 

 point of a knife is inserted near the lower extremity of the 

 pouch below the eye; the point is pressed downward and a 

 cut made inward toAvard the middle of the face. 



In swine, bleeding is usually performed in an off-hand 

 way, by cutting off the end of the ear or the tail. Pigs 

 are such unmanageable patients, that it is both difficult and 

 dangerous to attempt refinements of treatment with them. 

 When practicable, however, it is neater to turn the ear back 

 and by pressing firmly on its base with the thumb, to bring 

 into prominence some of the veins, which may then be cut 

 across. Or a cord can be tied tightly around the fore leg 

 above the knee, when the brachial vein will be seen to fill 

 up, and can readily be lanced. This vein is on the inside of 

 the leg, and should be opened about an inch above the knee. 



SETONS. 



These are tapes, fine wires or threads, which are passed 

 underneath the skin, entering at one point and emerging at 



