Signs and Symptoine of Disease. 71 



If the blister causes excessive nervous irritability, loss of 

 appetite, or difficulty in watering, tvasb the blistered surface 

 with warm water containing soft soap ; dress it with sweet 

 oil ; and give the animal a full dose of opium. 



EOWELS OR ISSUES. 



A rowel or issue consists in a wound made in the skin 

 with a bistoury or rowel scissors, and kept open by a pledget 

 of tow, lint, or leather, w^hich to increase the counter irrita- 

 tion and discharge, is sometimes smeared with irritant dress- 

 ing. Its actions are similar to that of a seton. The more 

 cultivated veterinary surgeons employ rowels much less than 

 their predecessors ; indeed, it may be said that they are a 

 form of counter irritation which is passing out of fashion, 

 and justly so. They will be rarely recommended in the 

 present work. 



CHAPTER Y. 



GENERAL. RULES FOR RECOGNISING AND DISTINGUISHING 



DISEASES. 



The Pulse — The Breathing — The Animal Heat — The Skin 

 and Hair — The Posture — Indications of Pain — Special 

 Signs in Cattle — Signs of Diseases of Particular Organs. 



Any one who would become expert in recognizing diseases 

 in animals, must study them carefully in the healthy state, 

 and make himself thoroughly familiar with their habits, 

 appearance and general physiology. He must practice feel- 

 ing their pulse and the heart, listening to the sounds of their 



