Diseases of the Bladder, 161 



tenderness on pressure over the bladder ; frequently scouring 

 with soft, bloody and fetid feces. 



Treatment. — This should be by full doses of opium or 



morphia, the use of linseed tea, milk and whites of eggs 



beaten up with water as drinks. Belladonna is also useful : — 



No. 165. Extract of belladonna, 1 drachm. 



Sweet spirits of nitre, 1 oz. 



Give in a drench with a quart of cold linseed tea. 



The following is an old and standard remedy: — 



No. 166. Solution of potash, 1 oz. 



Extract of hyocyamus, 1 drachm. 



Give as above, and repeat two or three times a day. 



STONE IN THE BLADDER— GRAVEL. 



Stone in the bladder and gravel are found in stallions, 

 geldings and mares, as well as in the ox and cow. In these 

 animals the hard concretions usually consist of carbonate of 

 lime. 



Causes. — Horses which from the nature of their work are 

 comj)elled to hold their urine many hours at a time, as for 

 instance hunters, are most liable to stone. The food and the 

 water also have much to do with it. Some clovers, for ex- 

 ample, form a large quantity of urine salts, and tend to the 

 deposit of gravel; while hard water, which contains carbon- 

 ate of lime in solution, predisposes to its accretion in the 

 bladder. 



S3^ptoniS. — An early sign is some stiffness of motion 

 in the hind limbs; unusual switching of the tail; a frequent 

 desire to stale exhibited by the animal stretching himself 

 out and drawing his yard, but passing little or no water. 

 At other times the water flows with apparent ease for awhile, 

 but suddenly stops, and tlie further attempts of the animal 

 to empty his bladder are in vain. He will continue stretched 



11 



