300 Diseases of Cattle, 



red or brown, tlie bowels are constipated, and when the dung 

 passes it is in hard and black masses. For this condition a 

 full dose of salts is demanded, combined with opium to re- 

 lieve the pain, as : — 



Mashes should be given to hasten and increase the action 

 of the physic, and the animal should be turned out to grass 

 during the day. 



RED WATER— BLACK WATER— BLOODY URINE. 



Definition. — A disease of cattle characterized by the pas- 

 sage of reddish, chocolate colored or black urine, the color- 

 ing matter being derived from the blood. 



The exact nature of this disease is not yet clearly ascer- 

 tained. The urine always contains albumen and broken- 

 down corpuscles ; but the kidneys indicate no inflammation, 

 their color is lighter than natural, the tubules are enlarged, 

 and sometimes their lower surfaces spotted with effused 

 blood. It is probable, therefore, that the disease is a general 

 degeneration of the system, showing itself by an early and 

 obscure form of kidney disease, similar to some of the 

 phases of Bright's disease in man. 



Cause. — This is well ascertained to be scanty and un- 

 healthy food. Indeed, it has been called in England "the 

 disease of the poor man's cow." It is quite common in cows 

 two or three weeks after calving, when they are fed on 

 turnips grown on swamp lands. It is also frequent in bad 

 weather, when food is scanty, and of inferior quality. 



Symptoms. — The characteristic symptom is the color of 

 the urine. With this are associated great prostration, palpita- 



