500 Drmgs and Medicines, 



increased, until the animal has twitchings of the muscles, usually first 

 noticed at night. Nos. 31, 86, 146, 157. 



Oil of Tar— see Tar. 



Oil of Vitriol — see Sulphuric acid. 



OliVO Oil {Sweet oil.) — Laxative and demulcent. Dose 1 to 3 



pints. 



Opium is employed principally as powdered opium, laudanum, 

 {tincture of opium), and morphine, which is one of its active principles. 

 Horses and cattle can take 2 drachms of powdered opium, or 8 or 4 ozs. 

 of laudanum, or 5 to 10 grains of morphia at a dose. An invaluable 

 means of giving an opiate is to inject one or two grains of morphia under 

 the skin. Calves, sheep and pigs about one- sixth of these doses. Hardly 

 any drug has more uses than opium. It is a stimulant in exhaustion and 

 weakness, it allays pain and restlessness, it checks excessive secretion 

 and vomiting, it relieves the spasms of colic, dysentery, lockjaw and 

 many convulsive diseases. It should not be given in active inflamma- 

 tion, when the skin is hot and dry, and the pulse strong, in inflamma- 

 tion of the brain, nor in obstinate constipation. Nor is it considered 

 safe in diseases of the lungs, when the breathing is shallow and rapid. 

 When an animal is suddenly taken with shivering and chills, a full dose 

 of opium will often cut short the impending disease. At the very com- 

 mencement of a cold, when the nostrils begin to run, a similar treatment 

 will abort the attack. Nos. 73, 76, 78, 118, 119, 120, 124, 169, etc. 



Morphia— see Opium. 



Pepper, Black and Red {Capsicum, Cayenne pepper).— 

 Dose 2 to 3 drachms. Used in indigestion and colic, and sometimes as 

 a plaster or liniment on the skin. Less esteemed now than formerly. 



Petroleum {Rock oil, Seneca oil, etc). — The crude oil should be 

 used only as an external application to galls, cuts, bruises, scratches, 

 etc. Internally, kerosene and benzine are valuable in coughs, colds, 

 croups, colics and intestinal obstruction. Dose 1 to 4 ounces. Benzine 

 is said to prevent trichinae in hogs. Kerosene destroys lice. 



Peruvian Bark— see Cinchona. 



Podophyllin {The active principle of the May apple or Hog 

 apple). — Dose, 1 to 3 drachms. This is an active purgative in man, but 

 has little effect on the lower animals. It is said to be a sedative to the 

 heart. No. 337. 



