. 92 

 When a liorse becoir.es lame, it is sometimes no easy 

 matter to fix upon the right limb ; and, even if that 

 is ascertained, wiiat part of that limb is afiected is 

 often very difficult to determine on. When a recent 

 strain takes place, there is generally heat in the part ; 

 therefore the iirst thing to examine is, whether all 

 the limbs are equally cool, and each limb in every 

 part. 



A strain in the shoulder is known by the heat ; 

 besides which, the horse usually rests his toe only on 

 the ground, or, if he stands on it, he points the foot 

 very forward. When he walks, he drags the limb, 

 and swings it round ; and going down hill appears 

 to distress liim very much. When the strain is of 

 long standing, the shoulder is frequently found to be 

 wasted. 



Lameness in t/ie pastern usually shews itself by the 

 pastern being carried more upright in action, and the 

 whole limb likewise more straight ; and though the 

 horse willingly bends his shoulder and knee, yet he 

 carries the leg in general but little forward. 



Lameness in the foot is discovered by the violent 

 catches the horse gives in his paces to take the 

 v/eight from off the affected foot, w hich is not so ob- 

 servable in other cases. 



Strains of the back sinews, when recent, always are 

 accompanied with heat; and when old, with a hard 

 swelling. 



Bony swellings, as splents and ring-bones, arc 

 evident to the eye. 



Wlien the loins are strained, the horse has a mosl 

 irregular gait ; he crouches as lie walks, and flinches 

 ■from any weight on his back. In the stable he stands 



