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this cause. The gvound should he made even, or 

 nearly so, with only a very slight slope. To remedy 

 tlie iiiconrcnience of the urine not flowing freely off, 

 in many good stables, in the center of each stall, is a 

 small sralin?, coverinsj a little well immediately un- 

 der the horse's belly, to receive the urine, ar.d which is 

 a very good practice ; but it has its disadvantages, 

 tlie principal of which is, that it is not so well adapt- 

 ed to mares ; and, as such, a slight slope in the stall, 

 ^vilh a grating at it>3 bottoni, or a gutter, is the pre- 

 ferable and most convenient plan. Whenever these ' 

 gratings communicate w ith one common cesspool, it 

 should be very frequently emptied, and it should like- 

 wise be covered up, or it encourages a draught of cold 

 air under the horses. 



There is much contrariety of opinion relative to 

 the propriety of permitting horses to stand during the 

 day on litter. There are cogent arguments for and 

 against it. Litter entices horses to lie dow^n during 

 the day, which, if they are in constant severe work, is 

 certainly desirable. Litter, likewise, when the stable 

 is paved roughly, prevents the unevenness of the 

 stones pressing on the feet. — On the other hand, 

 horses are very apt to eat the litter, and which proves 

 imwholesome. It is likewise apt to retain the urine, 

 whose acrid salts, ascending, impregnate the air, and 

 stimulate the eyes. The constantly standing on the 

 litter makes many horses' legs swell, which is proved 

 by removing it, when they immediately return to 

 their proper she. Horses standing constantly on 

 the litter appear to feel the difference of the road, 

 fcnd hence are more liable to be tender footed : the 



