148 YOSEMITE NATURE NOTES 



(6) BIRDS WITH CONSPICUOUS WHITE IN TAIL, WINGS, OR BOTH 



1. White 111 both wiiiK and tail 



A. Smaller than junco [b in. J 



Crown black; below yellow; above olive-gray— ARKANSAS GOLDFINCH 

 Yellowish patch on chin, crown, rump, and on each side; under parts whitish; 

 above bluibh-Kiay— ALDLBON S WARBLER 



B. Intermediate between Junco lb in.) and Brewer's Blackbird (lU in.) 



Head black; bill thick; throat i-nd Oreast orange -BLACK-HEADLD GROSBEAK 



Head black; eyes red; sides reddish-brown— Sl'Ol TED 10WHE£ 



Long, slender-winged, erratic llyer, active al dusk— BOOMING NIGHTHAWK 



C. About size ol Brewers Blackbird (lU in.) 

 Black mask; beak hooked— SHRIKE 



Body generally gray; wings and tail black — MOCKINGBIRD 



Generally gray; wings and tail with black; high mountains; nasal call — CLARK'S 



NUTCRACKER 

 Wings slender; tail rusty; above dark brown; black bands on breast; below white — 



KlLLDEER 



D. Intermediate between Brewer's Blackbird (10 in.) and Crow (18 in.) 

 Upper parts brown; yeilow below; black crescent on breast — WESlERN 



MEADOWLARK 



2. White in tail 



A. Smaller than Junco (6 in.) 



Yellow patch on rump; white thumb-marks on tips of tail feathers — FEMALE 



or IMMATURE AUDUBON S WARBLER 

 Head, neck, and breast black; back brown; bill yellow — JUN(;0 

 Head, neck, and breast gray; back brown; bill yellowish — FEMALE JUNCO 

 lop ol head and nape black; long, slender bill— WHITE-BREASTED NUTHATCH 



B. Intermediate between Junco (6 in.) and Brewer's Blackbird (10 in.) 

 Tail-wagging habit; breast streaked— WA'l ER FIIMT 



Generally gray; buffy bar in wing— TOWNSENDS SOLITAIRE 



C. Intermediate between Brewer's Bkckbird (ID in.) and Crow (18 in.) 



Central tail feathers long; tail wedge-shaped when spread; pinkish throat and 

 breast— MOURNING DOVE 



3. White in wing 



A. Intermediate between Junco (6 in.) and Brewer's Blackbird (Id in.) 



Generally brownish-yellow; bill .short, thick; tail forked— EVENING GROSBEAK 

 Wings swallow-like; tail forked; under parts barred— BOOMING NIGHTHAWK 

 Head white; nape red (not in female); generally black — WHITE-HE.ADED 



WOODPECKER 

 Generally black; rump and belly white; crown red— ACORN WOODPECKER 



II. CATEGORIES BASED ON CHARACTERISTICS OTHER THAN COLOR 



(7) BIRDS WITH LINE OVER, UNDER, THROUGH, OR NEAR THE EYE 



A. Smaller than Junco (6 in.) 



1. One or more wing-bar.-; 



Above grayish; white line over eye; crown orange, margined by yellow and 



black— GOLDEN-CROWNED KINGLET 

 Grayish-brown; while line over eye; yellow tinge on sides — W,'\RBLING VIREO 

 Above olive-gray; white line Irom bill to eye-ring — SOLITARY VIREO 

 Above gray; inconspicuous wing-bars and white line over eye; willows, usually — 



WARBLING VIREO 

 Top of head, cheeks, throat black; back slaty gray— BLACK-THROATED GRAY 



WARBLER 

 Throat and cheeks black; yellow stripe above and below eye — TOWNSEND'S 



WARBLER 



2. Without wing-bars 



Black line through eye; crown reddish-brown; tail forked— CHIPPING SPARROW 

 Throat and head black; cheeks white— MOUNTAIN CHIC:KADEE 

 Above grayish-brown, speckled; tail barred; rocky areas; bobs — ROCK WREN 

 Above speckled, reddish-brown, brightest on tail; throat white; abdomen reddish- 

 brown; bill curved— CANYON WREN 

 Above brown; tail comparatively long, barred, rounded; tail feathers white-tipped; 



white line over eye; slender, slightly curvecl bill— BEWICK'S WREN 

 Above dark brown; tail very short, barred; bill short — WINTER WREN 

 Tiny, grayish-brown bird; inconspicuous white nape; short tail — PYGMY NUT- 

 HATCH 

 Above bluish-gray; below reddish-brown— RED-BREASTED NUTH.\TCH 



B. About size of Junco (6 in.) 



Dusky line through eve; broad, biiffv breast-band streaked narrowly with black; 



damp meadows -LINCOLN'S SPARROW 

 Crown black, broken by three white bands: a white band on each side of head 



above eye— WHITE-CIROWNED SPARROW 

 Arrangement of bands similar to preceding but white rcolared bv grayish-brown 



and black by rusty brown— IMMATl^RE WHITE-CROWNED SPARROW 



C. Intermediate between Junco (6 in.) and Brewer's Blackbird (10 in.) 



Head dark brown with white streak over eve; orange line through crown; below 

 pale orange; white in wings and tail-FEMALE BLACK-HEADED GROSBEAK 



(8) BIRDS WITH COLLAR-BAND OR BREAST-PATCH 



A. About size of Junco (6 in.) 



Dark spot on breast; tail held erect; above brown, streaked below — SONG 

 SPARROW 



B. Intermediate between Junro (Ci in.) and Brewer's Blackbird (10 in.) 



Two black breasl-b.nnds; above brown; below white — KlLLDEER 



C. About size of Brewer's Blackbird (10 in.) 



Black collar: above slaty brown; orange stripe behind eye — VARIED THRUSH 



