MAIZE. 105 



Protein. Oil Ash Carbos 



It is interesting to note that eventually a marked positive 

 correlation was found to exist between the high protein ears 

 and those having a high percentage of oil. 



Uses of the Maize Crop. — While in the United States 

 of America most of the grain produced is fed to live stock, 

 in South Africa the greater part of the grain not exported is 

 used for human consumption. It is eaten in a great many 

 forms by Europeans and is the staple food of the South 

 African natives. As has been stated, its use as silage is rapidly 

 increasing, and the stover forms an important part of the 

 winter feed for stock. 



Numerous other uses are made of the crop — the husks are 

 used for making matting, hats, filling for mattresses and horse- 

 collars ; the stalks and pith provide cellulose and maize-pith 

 packing ; the cobs are used in making tobacco pipes and for 

 fuel, and from the grain, starch, glucose, dextrine, maize oil, 

 glycerine, sugar and alcohol are obtained. Pop-maize is used 

 in the manufacture of confectionery; green sweet, flint, dent, 

 and flour ears are used roasted or boiled in most South African 

 households ; maize meal is made into porridge ; in America into 

 johnny-cake, and during the late war a certain amount was 

 used with wheat flour in making bread. For a detailed discus- 

 sion on the uses of this crop the reader is advised to consult 

 " Maize : Its History, Cultivation, Handling and Uses," by 

 J. Burtt-Davy, as well as his articles, " Maize as a Raw 

 Material for Manufacture," published in Vol. V. of the 

 South African Journal of Industries. 



Maize Pests. — (1) Insects. — Those most commonly and 

 often causing considerable damage are : — 



Cut-worms (Agrotis and Euxoa spp.), Sta.lk-borer 



(Bussiola fusca), Ear-worm (Chloridea obsolete). Army 



Worm (Laphygma exempta), Weevil (Calandra oryzse), 



Angoumois Grain Moth (Gelechia cerealella), and Locusts 



(Locustana pordalina). 



Cut-worms are best controlled by winter ploughing and 



