234 CHArTER XIV 



Ear, bearded or beardless, stiff, erect, 4-G cm. long, not 

 so dense as T. comyactum ; awns of bearded forms shorter and 

 stouter than those of T. comyactum ; rachis tough ; length and 

 breadth ctf the spikelets about equal. 



Empty glume, broad and short, inflated, with strong 

 curved scabrid apical tooth. 



Grain, very short (4-5 mm. long), flinty, often angular on 

 account of pressure of the glumes. 



Kace XI. — Triticum Spelta, L. Large Spelt or Dinkel. 

 Coleoptile 2-nerved. 



Young shoots, erect or prostrate ; young leaves dark green, 

 with few hairs arranged as in T. vulgar e. 



Straw, stout and hollow. 



Ear, very lax, bearded, with short awns or beardless; 

 rachis broad and stout, convex on one side, flat or concave on 

 the other, fragile, breaking transversely below each spikelet ; 

 spikelets narrow with 2-3 grains. 



Empty glume, firm, with broad truncate apex; apical 

 tooth short and blunt ; prominent lateral nerve ending in a 

 blunt projection. 



Grain, long, usually flinty, somewhat pointed at both 

 ends, apex with tuft of hair, ventral surface flattened or hol- 

 lowed slightly, furrow shallow. 



The following are some general notes on the more com- 

 monly occuiTing races : — 



T. monococcum (Einkorn). — One-grained wheat ; seed 

 enclosed in chaff with a very compact bearded head. It is 

 grown to a limited extent in Europe for bread-making. On 

 experimental farms in Canada and Australia it has given 

 extremely poor yields. In South Africa it has been grown only 

 on experimental stations. 



T. diococcum (Emmer). — Two-grained wheat, having 

 compact, short, bearded heads and pithy stems. Grown for 

 bread in Europe, elsewh(>re it is grown as stock feed. The 

 seed is enclosed in chaff after threshing. It is a good yielder. 

 Early and late varieties are found. Emmer has very slender 

 straw and many haulms, and is earlier in maturity than 

 Speltz. The threshed grain contains about 22 per cent. hull. 

 It is very drought-resistant and free from rust. It affords 

 excellent pasture and, in the drier parts of South Africa, may 

 play a more important part in stock-food and for grazing when 

 known. 



