BARLEY. 



271 



South African provincial production according to the 

 1917-18 agricultural census is : — 



Total Union 

 Production. 



Cape Province 

 Transvaal 



Orange Free State 

 Native Reserves 

 Natal 



93,206,000 lbs. 

 1,876,000 lbs. 



1,845,000 lbs. 



1,395,000 lbs. 



250,000 lbs. 



1,790,400 Bushels. 

 1,790,400 Bushels. 

 (1917—1918) 



1,111,700 Bushels. 

 (1911—1912) 



The average yield is about 18 bushels, of 48 pounds each, 

 per acre. The total production of South Africa is likely to 

 increase considerably, as at present there is a tendency among 

 the farmers in the low veld, e.g., Lydenburg, to go in more for 

 the cultivation of this cereal, which is a more certain crop in 

 those parts than wheat. 



Uses. — Barley is grown chiefly for malting purposes in 

 South Africa, and the two-rowed barleys, having large plump 

 seed, were considered best for this purpose, until it was dis- 

 covered that good malt can also be produced from Smyrna, a 

 six-rowed type grown extensively in the Western Province of 

 the Cape. To a limited extent barley is also used as a concen- 

 trate in South Africa. It is especially useful in fattening 

 animals. Fairly large acreages are sown for soiling and pas- 

 turing purposes. Prohibition in the United States may of 

 course affect the Union's production adversely. 



Classification and Description. 



Key to cultivated species : — 



All spikelets fertile (six-rowed barley). 



Lemmas of all florets awned or hooded — Hordeum 



vulgare. 

 Lemmas of lateral florets without awns or hoods — H. 

 intermedium . 



