ENEMIES OF PLANTS. 297 



(4) (a) Examine the end of the abdomen. Is it blunt, 

 and do you find two appendages, the cerci, on the upper 

 side ? If so, the specimen is a male. If the end of the 

 abdomen is tapering and divided into four points parts 

 of the ovipositor the specimen is a female. 



(l>) Draw the abdomen, showing all the parts. 



Draw the entire grasshopper as seen from the side. 

 Now, before discarding the specimen, cut through the 

 mouth beyond the oesophagus into the crop, open it, and 

 examine its contents. See if you can find out what is 

 the grasshopper's food. 



3. The Nymph, or Young Grasshopper. Do you find all 

 the parts mentioned in the study of the adult grass- 

 hopper present in your specimen ? (a] Compare the 

 parts with those of the adult. 



(V} Draw a side view of the nymph. 



4. The Butterfly, or Moth. Identify the three body 

 divisions, and locate the antennae, eyes, legs, wings, and 

 spiracles. Compare with those of the grasshopper. 



MOUTH-PARTS. Make a careful study of the mouth- 

 parts, (i) Note the two short projections, the labial 

 palpi, in the front of the head. 



(2) Uncoil the long tube between the palpi and ex- 

 amine it. The parts of the tube correspond to the 

 maxillae of the grasshopper. 



(3) (a) Does the butterfly obtain its food by sucking 

 or biting? Are there other mouth-parts present? 



(/>) Make a drawing of the mouth-parts present in their 

 natural position. 



(c) Remove them, and draw. 



5. Caterpillar. Make a careful examination of some 

 caterpillar, the larva of a moth or butterfly for ex- 

 ample, the tomato-worm. 



(i) Do you find the general characters of the adult 

 insect three body divisions, one pair of antennae, and 

 three pairs of legs in the caterpillar? 



