ENEMIES OF PLANTS. 335 



wooden wrappers also protect the tree from sun- 

 scald and from rabbits. 



A very effective remedy, which has been 

 tested and recommended by Prof. J. M. Sted- 

 man, State Entomologist for Missouri, is an 

 alkali wash made as follows : " Dissolve as 

 much common washing soda as possible in six 

 gallons of water ; then dissolve one gallon of or- 

 dinary soft soap in the above, and add one pint 

 of crude carbolic acicl and thoroughly mix ; 

 slake a quantity of lime in four gallons of water, 

 so that when it is added to the above the whole 

 will make a thick whitewash ; add this to the 

 above and mix thoroughly, and finally add one- 

 half pound of Paris green or one-fourth pound 

 of powdered white arsenic and mix it thoroughly 

 in the above." 



This wash, of course, has no effect upon the 

 larva when it is inside of the bark, but it 

 prevents the insect from laying its eggs upon 

 the bark, or if'the egg is already present it kills 

 the larva before it enters the tree. As much 

 loose bark as can be taken away without injur- 

 ing the tree should be removed, and every crack 

 and crevice filled with the wash by rubbing 

 hard with the scrubbing-brush in applying it. 

 The wash should be applied early in June and 

 again early in July. 



