YAKUTAT BAY 47 



separated from the water of the bay by a belt of detrital 

 lowland. The mountain system is lofty, and among its 

 summits are great tracts of neve. From these a series of 

 alpine glaciers stream down to feed the Malaspina, and 

 others reach or approach the land-locked arms of Yakutat 

 Bay. Turner Glacier, entering Disenchantment Bay from 

 the northwest, flares at the end after the manner of the 

 Davidson, but has not yet surrounded itself by a moraine 

 barrier, and ends in a berg-producing cliff. The Hubbard, 

 coming in two principal streams from the north and with 

 minor affluents from the east, reaches the sea at the junc- 

 tion of Disenchantment Bay with Russell Fiord and 

 occupies the coast for more than five miles. Nunatak 

 Glacier flows northwestward to the end of Nunatak Fiord, 

 where it maintains a discharging cliff nearly a mile broad. 

 Hidden Glacier, with branches from the east and south, 

 follows a trough parallel to Nunatak Fiord, but fails to 

 reach tide-water, being separated from it by a gravel plain 

 two miles long. 



Two islands should be mentioned here, not as important 

 geographic features but as landmarks to which the follow- 

 ing pages make occasional reference (see fig. 27 and pi. 

 vm). Haenke Island, a rounded rock knoll several hun- 

 dred feet high, lies near the east shore of Disenchantment 

 Bay. Osier Island, lower but containing also a nucleus 

 of rock, stands at the entrance to Russell Fiord. 



The inner arms of the bay were explored by Russell in 

 1890 and 1891, and he prepared a sketch map showing 

 the general relations of fiords and glaciers. The shores 

 were afterward surveyed by the Canadian Boundary Com- 

 mission (1895), and during our visit Gannett made local 

 maps of the upper part of Disenchantment Bay and the 

 ends of Nunatak and Hidden glaciers. 



The prevailing rocks are friable sandstones and partially 

 altered shales, and these are weathered and eroded much 



