HUBBARD GLACIER 63 



only approximate in its reproduction of the other portions 

 of Nunatak Glacier and the neighboring ice bodies. 



Hubbard Glacier. The Hubbard Glacier, discovered 

 by Russell in 1890 and named by him in honor of Gardiner 

 G. Hubbard, president of the National Geographic So- 

 ciety, is the most important ice body of Yakutat Bay. 

 Its width where it reached the bay was, in 1899, ^ ve an d 

 one-half miles, its whole frontage, counting the sinuosities 

 of outline, being about six miles. Of this frontage the 

 southeastern third was motionless, and fringed for the 

 most part by a belt of morainic debris. The remainder, 

 pushing itself forward into the head of Disenchantment 

 Bay, maintained an imposing ice cliff nearly 300 feet high. 

 The active portion of the glacier had two main branches, 

 the larger coming from the east or northeast, the smaller 

 coming from the north, and the two uniting only three 

 miles back from the water. Looking up the valley, we 

 could see a number of minor tributaries descending from 

 the bordering heights, but the principal sources were con- 

 cealed from view, and the low grade of the main trunks 

 suggested that their beginnings were far away. The sur- 

 faces of both branches were rugged, being divided by a 

 labyrinth of crevasses into a wilderness of pinnacles. 

 Morainic bands marked out the lines of flow, and a broad 

 belt of ice near each margin of the active portion was 

 black with included debris. The more southerly of these 

 belts was continued to the water front, causing a black 

 ice cliff nearly a mile in extent (fig. 35). The correspond- 

 ing belt at the north appeared to have become nearly sta- 

 tionary, as though resting on a rock shoal, and the flow- 

 lines of the northern arm were curved about it. 



The southeastern third of the glacier was moraine 

 covered, not only at the water edge but for nearly or quite 

 two miles inland. The material was coarse and angular, 

 and was divided into zones or belts distinguished at a 



