66 ALASKA GLACIERS 



Islands ; these show a continuance of retreat. At a point 

 where a prominent moraine makes the comparison some- 

 what definite, the ice cliff appears to have then stood 700 

 to 1,000 feet farther back than in 1899. The cliff was 

 also shortened at each end by the enlargement of the 

 marginal belts of stagnant ice. 



Turner Glacier. Turner Glacier comes into Disen- 

 chantment Bay from the northwest, a few miles below 

 the foot of Hubbard Glacier. As already stated, it was 

 tributary to the Hubbard a century ago, and was ren- 

 dered independent by the retreat of the latter. Immedi- 

 ately after its isolation its front may have projected some- 

 what farther into the bay than in later years, but it is not 

 probable that the difference was great. A comparison of 

 Russell's photograph made from Haenke Island in 1891 

 with my own made eight years later from the same station 

 (pi. x) shows no appreciable change in the position of 

 the front. 



The general width of the glacier within the mountain is 

 about one mile, but it begins to flare before fully emerging, 

 and at the water front was nearly two and one-half miles 

 broad in 1899. For a width of about two miles an ice cliff 

 was maintained by the falling of bergs, and the cliff was 

 flanked on either side by a sloping tongue which, from our 

 distant view, seemed black. Russell's picture represents 

 parts of these tongues as white, so that in these marginal 

 portions a progressive change is recorded. There was 

 also a change in the flow-lines, as indicated by moraines 

 near the southwestern margin. A strand of the ice which 

 had previously swung far to the south had in 1899 ac- 

 quired a more direct course to the bay, reaching the cliff 

 1,200 feet to the northward. This would seem to indicate 

 that a body of ice near the south end of the water front 

 had in the interval become stagnant and, acting as an ob- 

 struction, had deflected the current. 



