LOW PENEPLAINS 



related to the mountain as peneplain to monadnock. On 

 Annette Island, where we landed, the foreland is not 

 continuous, being divided by a bay, but its parts, together 

 with several low islands, appear to be remnants of a more 

 extensive plain. The rock is slate and mica schist, and 

 that of the adjacent portion of the mountain quartzite. In 

 detail the surface is somewhat uneven, low moutonnee 

 bosses alternating with hollows that hold pools and 

 bogs, but there is a general and gradual ascent from the 

 sea front to the mountain base, where the altitude may be 

 three or four hundred feet. Figure 64 presents one rem- 



FIG. 64. PART OF ANNETTE ISLAND. 

 Showing relation of foreland (peneplain) to mountain, as seen from New Metlakatla. 



nant of foreland in profile, as seen from the other, and in- 

 cludes also rocky islets. 



As this whole region was deeply buried by Pleistocene 

 ice, the unevenness of the foreland is readily understood 

 as the result of glacial erosion subsequent to the original 

 planation. Probably none of the original surface remains, 

 but the glacial degradation must have been locally quite 

 moderate, or the general plain character would not have 

 survived. The phenomena do not yield a close determi- 

 nation of the pre-glacial relation of sea-level to land, but 

 it could not have differed greatly from the present. 



The second locality is Sitka Sound, 175 miles to the 

 northwest, and on the ocean front of the archipelago. 

 Back of Sitka the mountains of Baranof Island rise 

 abruptly to a height of several thousand feet, and they 

 are penetrated by inlets and lake valleys exhibiting a 

 moderate development of fiord characters. But the town 



