FIORDS AND HANGING VALLEYS 



readily have carved from the weaker rock all that part of 

 the fiord trough lying below tide-level. 



The hanging valleys seen on Vancouver Island were 

 evidently shaped by ice currents originating on the island 

 and directed toward the mainland. During their existence 

 the island contained a center of ice distribution. The 

 general condition of the district at this time has been 

 worked out by Dawson from studies of the striae and 

 other features of ice sculpture, made along the coasts of 

 Vancouver Island, of the neighboring mainland, and of 

 various smaller islands in the intervening sound. The 

 principal flow of ice was from the mountains of the main- 

 land, taking the form either of wide individual streams or 

 of a great confluent sheet; and this flood, banking against 

 Vancouver Island, was divided and deflected. One great 

 division, the ' Queen-Charlotte-Sound Glacier,' moved 

 northwestward to the ocean, spreading over the north end 

 of the island. 

 The other great 

 division, the 

 <Strait-of-Geor- 

 gia Glacier,' 

 moved south- 

 eastward and 

 then turned 

 westward to 

 the Strait of 

 Fuca. 1 It is 

 probable, also, FIG ' 7 ' 

 that a branch of 

 this stream, reinforced by tributaries from the Cascade 

 Range in northern Washington, flowed southward as the 

 Puget Sound Glacier. 



1 Additional observations on the Superficial Geology of British Columbia and 

 adjacent regions. By George M. Dawson. Quart. Jour. Geol. Soc. London, vol, 

 xxxvn, p. 278, 1881. 



HANGING VALLEY ON PRINCESS ROYAL ISLAND, 

 B. C., SEEN FROM FRAZER REACH. 



