148 PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE OF MILK HYGIENE 



extent as to interfere with ventilation; this can be avoided 

 by constructing double windows, with an air space be- 

 tween. Where cows stand in a double row, a row of 

 windows along each side of the barn is very desirable. 

 The windows may be hinged at the bottom and arranged 

 to open and close by turning a continuous rod ; or they 

 may be unattached, as many prefer, and merely rest in 

 a groove in the window sill, being held in place by a peg 

 near the top. If the windows are to be used as inlets for 

 ventilation, the openings formed at either side when the 

 sash is inclined inward at the top should be closed by 

 boards or galvanized iron strips extending inward from 

 the window frame on each side. The galvanized iron 

 shields prevent the wind from entering at the sides and 

 blowing directly upon the cattle (see Fig. 12). 



The arrangements for artificial lighting should be 

 noted. These are rather important, for much of the work 

 in the stable in winter is done before and after daylight. 



II. COWS 



The examination of the cow is one of the most impor- 

 tant parts of dairy inspection. If the cows are not in the 

 stable at the time of the inspector's visit and if it is not 

 convenient to bring them in, this part of the inspection 

 should be made at a more opportune time, but the inspec- 

 tion of the dairy should not be regarded as completed 

 until the cows are examined. No attempt should be made 

 to examine the cows while they are running free in the 

 pasture or exercise lot, unless each one can be readily 

 caught and handled. 



1. Examination for Cleanliness. Observe the condition 

 of the cows with regard to cleanliness, especially the con- 



