306 PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE OF MILK HYGIENE 



shelter and good drainage, and at sufficient distance from other 

 buildings, dusty roads, cultivated and dusty fields, and all other 

 possible sources of contamination; provided, in the case of un- 

 avoidable proximity to dusty roads or fields, the exposed side 

 shall be screened with cheese cloth. 



4. Construction of Stables. The stables shall be con- 

 structed so as to facilitate the prompt and easy removal of waste 

 products. The floors and platforms shall be made of cement or 

 other non-absorbent material, and the gutters .of cement only. 

 The floors shall be properly graded and drained, and the manure 

 gutters shall be from six to eight inches deep and so placed in 

 relation to the platform that all manure will drop into them. 



5. The inside surface of the walls and all interior construc- 

 tion shall be smooth, with tight joints, and shall be capable of 

 shedding water. The ceiling shall be of smooth material and 

 dust-tight. All horizontal and slanting surfaces which might 

 harbor dust shall be avoided. 



6. Drinking and Feed Troughs. Drinking troughs or 

 basins shall be drained and cleaned each day, and feed troughs 

 and mixing floors shall be kept in a clean and sanitary condition. 



7. Stanchions. Stanchions when used shall be constructed 

 of iron pipes or hardwood, and throat latches shall be provided 

 to prevent the cows from lying down between the time of cleaning 

 and the time of milking. 



8. Ventilation. The cow stables shall be provided with ade- 

 quate ventilation either by means of some approved artificial 

 device, or by the substitution of cheesecloth for glass in the 

 windows, each cow to be provided with a minimum of 600 cubic 

 feet of air space. 



9. Windows. A sufficient number of windows shall be in- 

 stalled and so distributed as to provide satisfactory light and a 

 maximum of sunshine; two feet square of window area to each 

 600 cubic feet of air space to represent the minimum. The cover- 

 ings of such windows shall be kept free from dust and dirt. 



10. Exclusion of Flies, etc. All necessary measures should 

 be taken to prevent the entrance of flies and other insects, and 

 rats and other vermin into all the buildings. 



11. Exclusion of Animals from the Herd. No horses, hogs, 



