308 PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE OF MILK HYGIENE 



alfalfa, ensilage, green corn, or other green feeds shall be given 

 in small rations and increased gradually to full ration. 



20. Exercise. All dairy cows shall be turned out for exer- 

 cise at least two hours in each twenty-four in suitable weather. 

 Exercise yards shall be kept free from manure and other filth. 



21. Washing of Hands. Conveniently located facilities 

 shall be provided for the milkers to wash in before and during 

 milking. 



22. The hands of the milkers shall be thoroughly washed 

 with soap, water, and brush, and carefully dried on a clean towel 

 immediately before milking. The hands of the milkers shall be 

 rinsed with clean water and carefully dried before milking each 

 cow. The practice of moistening the hands with milk is for- 

 bidden. 



23. Milking Clothes. Clean overalls, jumper, and cap shall 

 be worn during milking. They shall be washed or sterilized each 

 day and used for no other purpose, and when not in use they 

 shall be kept in a clean place, protected from dust and dirt. 



24. Things to be Avoided by Milkers. While engaged about 

 the dairy or in handling the milk, employees shall not use 

 tobacco nor intoxicating liquors. They shall keep their fingers 

 away from their nose and mouth, and no milker shall permit his 

 hands, fingers, lips, or tongue to come in contact with milk 

 intended for sale. 



25. During milking the milkers shall be careful not to 

 touch anything but the clean top of the milking stool, the milk 

 pail and the cow's teats. 



26. Milkers are forbidden to spit upon the walls or floors 

 of stables, or upon the walls or floors of milk houses, or into the 

 water used for cooling the milk or washing the utensils. 



27. Fore-Milk. The first streams from each teat shall be 

 rejected, as this fore-milk contains large numbers of bacteria. 

 Such milk shall be collected into a separate vessel and not milked 

 onto the floor or into the gutters. The milking shall be done 

 rapidly and quietly, and the cows shall be treated kindly. 



28. Milk and Calving Period. Milk from all cows shall be 

 excluded for a period of forty-five days before and seven days 

 after parturition. 



