APPLICATION OF PRINCIPLES OF BREEDING 513 



sections largely replaced by red, as in the Golden-Penciled Hamburg, which has 

 the breast of the male (of the ground color of the female without pencilings), 

 has black fluff, and has the sides of the body between the breast and the fluff 

 penciled as in the general plumage of the female. 



These modifications, especially in the first two instances cited, are in the 

 direction of making a distinct pattern common to the male and female of the 

 black-red color type. Theoretically it should be possible to secure some modi- 

 fication of this type, making male and female identical in color, which would 

 result in regularly giv- 

 ing typical males and 

 females from matings 

 of standard specimens. 

 Many breeders of Laced 

 Wyandottes assert that 

 this will be the result, if 

 breeders will not under- 

 take to secure open cen- 

 ters and narrow lacing 

 in both sexes too rapidly, 

 and will patiently mate 

 birds with medium cen- 

 ters and lacing until the 

 pattern is well estab- 

 lished in both sexes. 

 This view seems sound, 

 but not many breeders 

 are willing to wait when 

 they can occasionally 

 get phenomenal speci- 

 mens by special matings. FIG. 522. Long-Tailed Japanese Phoenix cockerel, 

 Though there is no owned by Urban Farms, Buffalo, New York. (Photo- 

 regular double-mating graph by Schilling) 

 system in these modified 

 types, the principle applies wherever the color tendencies in the sexes differ. 



Mating red and buff-color types. The red and buff varieties are derived 

 from the black-red type by the blending and reduction of the black and red. 

 There is practically no limit to the number of shades produced by combinations 

 of their colors. Not only are there all gradations of the mixture in the general 

 color tone of the plumage of birds of these color types, but there is always 

 some variation of shade (and often a great deal of it) in the different sections, 

 in different feathers, and (in less degree) on the same feather. Of the many 

 possible shades in this class of colors only three are recognized as Standard : 

 golden buff, in all buff varieties ; red, in the Rhode Island Red ; and dark red, 

 in the Buckeye. While the description thus rigidly limits buff fowls to one 

 and red fowls to two shades, it is absolutely impossible to secure uniformity in 



