NEW YORK MILK COMMITTEE 53 



weather for an hour or more and has then been taken into the 

 inside of the home and has stood there for several hours that 

 intervened between that time and the time of its consumption. 

 That milk is not milk four hours old; that milk is from sev- 

 enty-two to ninety-six hours old. But that is not the sole ex- 

 pression of the differences between those two milks. Many 

 things do happen and will happen in milk during those inter- 

 vening hours. 



Then, there is the additional thing that the farmer loses 

 sight of, that his child that drinks, with impunity, the milk 

 that is not clean, that is not as clean as it should be, is in 

 some measure harmed thereby, but that harm is compensated 

 for by the opportunities that his child has to play in the open 

 air, by the sunlight that is there, and by the grass and the 

 flowers that are there. There must be a different standard of 

 milk for the child that does not have sunlight and air and 

 grass and flowers and opportunities a standard different 

 from the standard that there must be for the child who plays 

 in the sunshine and the air and amongst the flowers and the 

 grass. 



In view of the fact that this milk is older and that it has had 

 many experiences that have come into its life, if we might so 

 term it, that do not and have not come into the life of milk in 

 these other communities, there are necessities for standards 

 and there are necessities for observances that the farmer can- 

 not well understand, and that the health officer of a small town, 

 even, cannot fully comprehend. There are three groups of 

 precautions that are necessary for the protection of the milk 

 for the people of a large city. The first of these is that the 

 milk should be clean, that it should be fresh and that it should 

 be cold. The second is that it should be free from contagion, 

 and the third is that it should not be a conveyor of tubercu- 

 losis from the cow or from the milker or other attendant, to 

 the people in the city. 



There is one of these methods or efforts at control that 

 evokes great opposition, and that is the effort to control tu- 

 berculosis. A considerable part of those who are engaged in 

 the management of milk supplies are of the opinion that it is 

 the most difficult part of the milk problem to control. In my 

 judgment, it is not. In my judgment, it is to be no more dif- 



