66 CONFERENCE ON MILK PROBLEMS 



we started out to make observations on a large number of 

 healthy babies. Those babies were on different kinds of milk ; 

 on cheap milk, heated before they took it ; on good bottled 

 milk, heated or not heated before they took it ; on a good milk, 

 properly modified and pasteurized and given to the children in 

 the bottles ; on the certified milks ; and on the milk from the 

 mother's breast. Those babies were watched through two sum- 

 mers different sets of them, and through two winters, and 

 then we compared the results and with the aid of Dr. Holt, put 

 them into concrete form. Now, the results there were so 

 definite, and they agreed so well with all that is claimed by 

 those who have really studied the matter in any way and have 

 not simply left it to the observation of those who go about 

 among sick babies, that I want to go over them a little in de- 

 tail, although it may seem a little dry. 



Now, in the first place, the babies on the store milk : There 

 were altogether 79 of those in the summer, and the milk was 

 cheap store milk which ran from 5,000,000 to 40,000,000 bac- 

 teria per cubic centimeter. It was heated, of course, before 

 they took it. They could not keep it without heating it. Of 

 that 79, 15 died and did badly. "Doing badly" means that 

 they had a large number of days of diarrhoea. Now, it is 

 rather interesting to note that there were about an equal num- 

 ber on condensed milk, where the bacteria did not become a 

 factor, and yet, of those on condensed milk, out of a total of 

 70, 14 died and 14 did badly practically the same result that 

 was obtained from the cheap store milk. I just speak of this 

 because those of us who believe we know that these bacterial 

 growths make milk unfit for the infant, do not deny for a mo- 

 ment that other things may make food unfit for the infant, and 

 that other things cause infant mortality. We do not main- 

 tain, for a moment, that the children that died from bronchitis, 

 and broncho-pneumonia, and meningitis, contracted it from 

 the milk, and, of course, those on the breast milk who died from 

 those causes, didn't die from the effects of cow's milk. We 

 are not speaking now of the other kinds of baby food that may 

 be filled with bacteria and the products of bacteria, which are 

 so harmful. Now, it may be interesting, also, to bring out 

 the point which Dr. Evans touched upon, that we cannot have 

 filthy milk and pasteurize it, and give that milk to infants, 



