NEW YORK MILK COMMITTEE 67 



without having serious danger and death. This very milk 

 that was so bad because of its dirt and warmth was heated be- 

 fore it was given to the infants, and yet they did so badly upon 

 it. This shows that such milk could not be made as it should 

 be simply by killing the bacteria. 



Now, we had 98 babies on good bottled milk, and there we 

 had nine deaths, against, as you see, 15 deaths out of 79 with 

 the cheap bottled milk. That is a good deal better result as 

 to the deaths, but 29 did badly. 



Now, when it came to a good milk, modified and pasteurized 

 and sent out in bottles, here we had an entirely different re- 

 sult. Of 145 babies, only 4 died, and only 24 did badly. You 

 see, with the cheap store milk, out of 79 babies, 15 died, while, 

 with good milk modified, pasteurized and put into the small 

 bottles, of 145, only 4 died. You see, therefore, the absolute 

 advantage on the side of good milk pasteurized and put into 

 the bottles. 



We had, naturally, on the good plain certified milk that was 

 given raw, a very good result. We only had 12 infants, and 

 they all did well, and naturally, none died. 



Of the breast-fed, there were 31 and none died. These 

 babies, of course, were all healthy in the beginning. 



Now, we turn to winter and that is the season when intel- 

 ligent physicians say that bacteria cannot do any harm. And 

 we have learned, from what the laboratories and the physicians 

 working together have said, that infants in winter can drink 

 bacteria in the milk and apparently derive no harm from it. 

 Milk in winter is cold from the beginning to the end, and the 

 milk changes are, therefore, of a very much less degree. Not 

 to go into detail, in the winter the infants did nearly as well 

 on the cheap store milk as on the good bottled milk and the 

 certified milk. The deaths in winter came entirely from penu- 

 monias and not from diarrheas. Of the 211 treated in win- 

 ter, only 6 died altogether, while, as you see, in the summer- 

 time of 421 there were 41 that died. 



So the point is plain that the bacteria in the summer milk 

 make that milk unfit for babies. Those babies, with the de- 

 pression due to the heat, cannot stand the changes in the 

 milk and the dangers of bacteria, as they can in the winter. 

 In summer, the heat multiplies the bacteria which cause death 



